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What is the difference between a power adapter and a transformer?

Article Source：Kinri Energy | Author：Kinri Energy | Issuing Time：2024.03.28
Power adapters and transformers are both devices used for converting and transmitting electrical energy, but there are some important differences in their working principles and functions:


Small power transformer



1. Working principle

Power adapter: A power adapter is a device that converts alternating current into direct current. It converts AC power into DC power required by the equipment through internal rectification circuits and voltage stabilizing circuits. Power adapters typically have built-in overcurrent, overvoltage, short circuit, and overload protection functions to ensure user safety.

Transformer: A transformer is a device that converts the original voltage into the target voltage through magnetic induction. It mainly consists of an iron core and a coil, and the original current interacts with the magnetic field of the input coil and iron core to generate electromagnetic induction, thereby outputting the target voltage on the output coil. The input and output voltages of transformers are usually different, but there are also some special types of transformers that have the same input and output voltages.

2. Function and application

Power adapter: The main function of a power adapter is to provide stable DC power for various electronic devices. It is usually used for various devices that require direct current, such as mobile phones, laptops, tablets, electronic watches, etc. The output voltage and current of the power adapter need to match the specifications of the device, otherwise it may cause damage to the device.

Transformer: The main function of a transformer is to change the voltage of alternating current. It is commonly used for voltage conversion in power systems, as well as for isolation and voltage stabilization of power sources in electronic devices. The input and output voltages of transformers are usually different, but there are also some special types of transformers that have the same input and output voltage.

3. Appearance and composition

Power adapter: A power adapter is usually a small electronic device that looks similar to a small charger or square. It usually consists of components such as a casing, transformer, inductor, capacitor, control IC, PCB board, etc. Some high-quality power adapters may also be equipped with protection functions such as overcurrent, overvoltage, short circuit, overload, and anti-static.

Transformer: A transformer is usually a larger device used for voltage conversion in power systems. It mainly consists of an iron core, copper wire, and a skeleton. The input and output terminals of transformers usually have different voltages and currents, but there are also some special types of transformers that have the same input and output voltage and current

Overall, transformers and power adapters have different functions and applications, but there are also many similarities in practical use. Understanding the differences between them is crucial for accurately selecting the appropriate equipment.
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